Biogas is a by-product of the decomposition of organic matter by anaerobic bacteriBiogas is typically composed of 60% methane and 40% CO2. It is similar to natural gas which is composed of 99% methane. Biogas is clean and renewable energy that may be substituted for natural gas to cook, to produce vapor, hot water, or to generate electricity. At room pressure and temperature, biogas is in gaseous form, not liquid like LPG (propane). Bottling biogas is a very expensive process.

Biogas is a type of biofuel that is naturally produced from the decomposition of organic waste. When organic matter, such as food scraps and animal waste, break down in an anaerobic environment (an environment absent of oxygen) they release a blend of gases, primarily methane and carbon dioxide.

Organic waste is put into a sealed tank called a digester (or bioreactor) where it is heated and agitated. In the absence of oxygen anaerobic bacteria consume the organic matter to multiply and produce biogas.

Any organic waste has the ability to produce biogas: human excreta, manure, animal slurry, fruit and vegetable waste, slaughterhouse waste, meat packing waste, dairy factory waste, brewery, and distillery waste, etc.

Fiber-rich wastes like wood, leaves, etc. make poor feedstocks for digesters as they are difficult to digest.

The amount of biogas you can extract from your organic waste depends on the waste itself and the design of the digester system. Some digesters can yield 20 m3 of biogas per tonne of waste while others can yield as much as 800 m3 per tonne.

It all depends on waste quality, digester design and proper operation of the system.

Biogas is normally produced in nature by the anaerobic degradation of organic waste in soil, marshes, ocean, etc.

Biogas is also produced in landfills where organic food waste degrades in anaerobic conditions.

Biogas can be produced in anaerobic digesters. These are equipment (tanks) providing full control of the process and ensuring full biogas recovery.

Methane has a greenhouse gas (GHG) heating factor 21 times higher than CO2. Combustion of biogas converts methane into CO2 and reduces the GHG impact by over 20 times.

By extracting the methane out of waste and using it to produce heat and/or electricity we ensure that the waste will not degrade in an open environment therefore reducing direct methane atmospheric emissions. Moreover, the energy provided by the biogas is likely to displace fossil fuel which is the main contributor to GHG emissions.

Biogas energy is considered carbon-neutral since carbon emitted by its combustion comes from carbon fixed by plants (natural carbon cycle).

The amount of waste going in the digester is almost equal to the amount coming out. However, the quality of the waste is altered for the better (less odor, better fertilizer, reduced organic load, and less polluting).

Waste (solid/liquid) coming out of the digester can be separated – the solid part can be composted and the liquid part can be used as liquid fertilizer and can be treated further and disposed of.

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